While vegan diets exclude all animal products, vegetarian options — which exclude just meat and fish — are more diverse and may include dairy and eggs. Pescatarian diets exclude meat, but not fish.
Plant-based diets continue to grow in popularity worldwide owing to decades of scientific research and the mounting
Furthermore, increased awareness of the environmental impact of animal rearing, such as high levels of greenhouse gases, land degradation, and excessive water have also
However, there are some health risks associated with some plant-based diets, particularly if there is high consumption of “junk” veggie foods.
By definition,
Using the NOVA classification system, which categorizes food products according to the extent of industrial processes they undergo, “junk” foods can
- commercially-produced breads, pastries, cakes, and cookies
- carbonated beverages
- pre-packaged snacks
- flavored dairy drinks
- breakfast cereals
- energy bars
- instant sauces, soups, noodle pots, and desserts.
Ultra-processed foods offer convenience, continue to replace minimally processed whole foods, and now account for
While a healthy and balanced plant-based diet is diverse, the frequent consumption of plant-based ultra-processed foods is associated with negative health outcomes.
For instance, in a
This small increase in ultra-processed foods is also associated with a higher risk of developing some
In addition, calorie intake is reportedly higher in plant-based diets that are rich in ultra-processed foods, which may lead to
To compound the negative health risks associated with diets rich in ultra-processed foods, vegetarian and vegan diets can exclude food groups, making nutrient deficiencies more common.
Overall, some studies have shown that vegetarians and vegans have
Furthermore, a
It is possible that these adverse outcomes are
Well-planned vegetarian or vegan diets consistently offer several health benefits, and they can safeguard against nutrient deficiencies and adverse health risks associated with diets rich in ultra-processed plant-based foods.
Not only do plant-based diets promote
They are also safe during
Nutritionally balanced and well-planned plant-based diets more closely adhere to U.S. dietary recommendations and improve overall
This occurs thanks to the increased intake of:
- fruits
- non-starchy vegetables
- whole grains
- low-fat dairy
- eggs
- plant protein
- seafood.
Such diets are also lower in salt, added sugar, fats, and calories.
Therefore, not all plant-based diets are associated with negative health risks, but it is important to note that following a healthy overall eating pattern is essential for managing risks the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Here are some practical tips to help you maintain a diverse and balanced plant-based diet.
First, limit ultra-processed foods. Plant-based ultra-processed foods high in salt, added sugars, and fats should be limited and eaten in moderation.
In particular, veggie meat replacement products are often high in sodium and saturated fats, so be sure to choose low-sodium and low-fat alternatives.
Make sure to read
Monitoring carbohydrate portions is also important: Switching to a plant-based diet may feel restrictive, and research shows that meats may be replaced with refined or highly processed carbohydrate-rich foods. Be sure to include whole grain carbohydrate options in portions appropriate for your health goals.
Also focus on proteins: Peas and beans, nuts, seeds, seitan, textured vegetable protein, tofu, tempeh, edamame, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt and seafood are all high-protein food sources for vegetarians that also provide calcium, iron, vitamin D and some vitamin B12, which are commonly deficient in vegetarians.
When appropriate, dietary supplements may help a person reach the desirable amount of daily nutrients to avoid deficiencies. Speak with your medical team about which supplements may be appropriate for you.
Finally, you may wish to consult a dietitian: If you are new to plant-based eating, consult with a registered dietitian to learn which foods will help you to meet your nutrient needs
Plant-based diets are popular worldwide for their potential health benefits, such as improved blood cholesterol, blood sugar, and reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity.
However, “junk” veggie foods or ultra-processed foods — which account for more than half of the daily calorie intake for some individuals — continue to replace minimally processed whole foods, and pose adverse health risks.
Furthermore, vegetarians and vegans can experience nutrient deficiencies in iron, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12, due to the exclusion of animal foods that are rich in these nutrients.
Nevertheless, well-planned vegetarian or vegan diets rich in fruits, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and plant sources of protein offer several health benefits, and safeguard against adverse health risks associated with diets rich in “junk” veggie foods.
